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Persival Knowledge Database
Learn about co-simulation and stay up to date about credible sensor models.



Ray-Tracing Radar Simulation Without a 3D Environment
When people think about high-fidelity radar simulation, they typically imagine one thing: a detailed 3D environment.
Geometry, meshes, materials, everything needs to be modeled, prepared, and maintained before a single ray can be traced. But what if you could get the same physical fidelity without requiring a predefined 3D scene at all?
clemenslinnhoff
Jun 153 min read


Building Realism: Our Sensor Material Database for Lidar Simulation
Simulating lidar sounds straightforward at first: send out light, measure the distance, and construct the point cloud. In practice, however, the challenge lies in what happens in between. The way infrared light interacts with the world is anything but simple, and without modeling that interaction correctly, even the best sensor model will fall short.
clemenslinnhoff
May 283 min read


Continuous V&V for Sensor Simulation: How to Build Credible Sensor Models Iteratively
We apply a development method that embeds continuous verification & validation (V&V) into every iteration of our perception sensor model development, so lidar and radar models become more credible, traceable, and automation‑ready as they evolve.
clemenslinnhoff
Jan 63 min read


Building Standardized Co-Simulation Workflows for Automotive and Mobility: An Open-Source Demo
The automotive and mobility industry is embracing virtual testing at scale. To make these simulations realistic and interoperable, standardization is key. That’s why we created the Standardized Co-Simulation Demo , an open-source example of how to combine scenario execution, sensor simulation, and multi-domain orchestration using OpenMCx , esmini , and our own physical sensor models , all aligned with ASAM OpenX standards . Check out the GitHub repository here . Co-simulatio
clemenslinnhoff
Dec 1, 20253 min read
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